Policy Recommendations

The new Policy Recommendations White Paper, authored by Kristian Reeson from the European Organisation for Security (EOS) and developed by the COcyber consortium, provides a roadmap for strengthening cooperation between civilian and defence cybersecurity communities in Europe. Drawing on policy reviews, national case studies, and stakeholder consultations, the document translates the project's findings into recommendations for European and national policymakers.

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As cyber incidents increasingly affect both civilian infrastructure and defence preparedness, the White Paper argues that Europe's main challenge is no longer the lack of cybersecurity policies, but the difficulty of turning existing frameworks into cooperation. To address this gap, the report proposes 12 recommendations to improve interoperability, information sharing, and joint preparedness in all sectors.

Among the immediate priorities are establishing clear civil–defence coordination interfaces, developing trusted information-sharing mechanisms, transforming incident reporting into a learning system and institutionalising joint cyber exercises. The recommendations also cover skills development, funding alignment, support for smaller Member States, innovation uptake and preparedness for hybrid threats and post-quantum technologies.

Rather than advocating for a centralised model, the White Paper promotes cooperation while respecting national responsibilities and institutional diversity. Europe's cyber resilience will depend on its ability to turn policy ambition into operational preparedness.