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Author(s):
Tommaso Zoppi Andrea Ceccarelli Tommaso Capecchi Andrea Bondavalli
Journal
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Abstract

Anomaly detection aims at identifying unexpected fluctuations in the expected behavior of a given system. It is acknowledged as a reliable answer to the identification of zero-day attacks to such extent, several ML algorithms that suit for binary classification have been proposed throughout years. However, the experimental comparison of a wide pool of unsupervised algorithms for anomaly-based intrusion detection against a comprehensive set of attacks datasets was not investigated yet. To fill such gap, we exercise 17 unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms on 11 attack datasets.

Concluding remarks
Results allow elaborating on a wide range of arguments, from the behavior of the individual algorithm to the suitability of the datasets to anomaly detection. We conclude that algorithms as Isolation Forests, One-Class Support Vector Machines, and Self-Organizing Maps are more effective than their counterparts for intrusion detection, while clustering algorithms represent a good alternative due to their low computational complexity. Further, we detail how attacks with unstable, distributed, or non-repeatable behavior such as Fuzzing, Worms, and Botnets are more difficult to detect. Ultimately, we digress on capabilities of algorithms in detecting anomalies generated by a wide pool of unknown attacks, showing that achieved metric scores do not vary with respect to identifying single attacks.

Reference details

DOI
10.1145/3441140
Resource type
Journal Article
Year of Publication
2021
ISSN Number
2691-1922
Publication Area
Cybersecurity and defense
Date Published
2021-04-08

How to cite this reference:

Zoppi, T., Ceccarelli, A., Capecchi, T., & Bondavalli, A. (2021). Unsupervised Anomaly Detectors to Detect Intrusions in the Current Threat Landscape. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). https://doi.org/10.1145/3441140 (Original work published)