@article{247,
  author = {Tommaso Zoppi and Andrea Ceccarelli and Tommaso Capecchi and Andrea Bondavalli},
  title = {Unsupervised Anomaly Detectors to Detect Intrusions in the Current Threat Landscape},
  abstract = {Anomaly detection aims at identifying unexpected fluctuations in the expected behavior of a given system. It is acknowledged as a reliable answer to the identification of zero-day attacks to such extent, several ML algorithms that suit for binary classification have been proposed throughout years. However, the experimental comparison of a wide pool of unsupervised algorithms for anomaly-based intrusion detection against a comprehensive set of attacks datasets was not investigated yet. To fill such gap, we exercise 17 unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms on 11 attack datasets.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)},
  month = {2021-04-08},
  issn = {2691-1922},
  url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3441140},
  doi = {10.1145/3441140},
  note = {Results allow elaborating on a wide range of arguments, from the behavior of the individual algorithm to the suitability of the datasets to anomaly detection. We conclude that algorithms as Isolation Forests, One-Class Support Vector Machines, and Self-Organizing Maps are more effective than their counterparts for intrusion detection, while clustering algorithms represent a good alternative due to their low computational complexity. Further, we detail how attacks with unstable, distributed, or non-repeatable behavior such as Fuzzing, Worms, and Botnets are more difficult to detect. Ultimately, we digress on capabilities of algorithms in detecting anomalies generated by a wide pool of unknown attacks, showing that achieved metric scores do not vary with respect to identifying single attacks.},
}