We have presented a conceptual framework to examine the factors that drive state intervention in dual-use technology industries. From our perspective, much of the existing
literature emphasizes technological determinism that fails to examine the political economy imperatives associated with government intervention – from state-firm relations to
bureaucratic politics. Although we argue that an industry’s technological characteristics are worthy of examination, it is also important to understand an industry’s market structure, a country’s domestic structure, existing international regimes and the structure of the international system. Each of these elements, both by themselves and taken together,
influence state intervention in high-technology industries