The world is transitioning into a new era. The importance of space as a military and strategic domain as well as an economic domain requires policy making and legal regulation of responsi- bilities for governments and growing private space actors, as well as outsider adversaries using emerging technologies in space and against space assets. AI technologies are expected to be used more extensively in fu- ture space missions, and augmented use of these new technolo- gies and cybersecurity concerns as to the latter, brings more top- ics to discuss to the security of future space missions and to the applicability of existing norms for new technology driven chal- lenges. However, cyber-attacks on space assets are different from the cyber-attacks targeting other kinds of critical infrastructure. This is because numerous States and now private actors are en- gaged in space activities, and considering the augmentation of ser- vices provided from space, the regulation of the new relationships requires new discussions, beyond existing frameworks provided by international space law. AI is enabling progress and innovation in the space sector and helps to provide robust solutions to the most relevant problems. Therefore, creating processes and frameworks to use AI technolo- gies requires taking into consideration particularities of the tech- nology, in the first place, in order to ensure clarity in normative and policy grounds, and to respond to cyber security requirements timely. Neither existing space policy nor cybersecurity policy is prepared for the challenges created by the meshing of space, cy- berspace and emerging technologies, especially designed for space assets and use of emerging technologies in space activities. In or- der to ensure adaptable/compatible use of emerging technologies with other technologies in complex environments, the adoption of responsive universal principles and regulatory frameworks be- comes an important agenda for authorities, governments and in- dustry. In the absence of dialogue and formal policy and regula- tions, it will become difficult to use emerging technologies, min- imise and mitigate risks, develop and use technologies for future missions within a security framework and to build robust defences against emerging technological threats. Therefore, it is essential to note that there are important, tech- nological challenges such as the use of AI-enabled DT technolo- gies with full performance. These challenges might depend on the scale and integration complexity of the applications, besides the uses for space missions. The main challenges to consider are is- sues related to data, including trust, privacy, cybersecurity, conver- gence and governance, acquisition and large-scale analysis. While DT promises many advantages, this technology is under develop- ment and far from maturity in the near future. The existing limita- tions for more mature and complex implementations of DTs across all domains, including both space and cyber, will also require over- coming communication network related obstacles on the techni-cal aspect, which also creates another difficulty for the widespread adoption of this technology and makes accessibility difficult. Trust in technology is another challenge, since the information flowing from various levels of indicator systems presents a challenge for developing common policies and standards. Therefore, lack of stan- dards, frameworks and regulations for DT implementations is one of the main challenges and has many aspects to consider. For com- plex implementations of this technology in specific environments, regulations will become more difficult in the future, considering the access related problems to sensitive data by private and mil- itary actors, and the adoption of uniform methodologies for data security and authenticity.