National case studies on cybersecurity technology transfer

Four national case studies — Slovenia, Hungary, Spain and Lithuania — examining how cybersecurity technologies and know-how move between civilian and defence actors in different governance, market and innovation contexts.

Member States approach civil-defence technology transfer in very different ways, and most of that experience is invisible at EU level. The case studies surface concrete arrangements, governance mechanisms and incentives that have been tried in four different countries, so other Member States and EU programmes can learn from them rather than redesign from scratch. The cases are written for practitioners — ministries, agencies and clusters — not just academic readers.