TY - JOUR AU - Edward Schrom AU - Simon A. Levin AU - Andrea L. Graham AU - Stephanie Forrest AU - Ann Kinzig AU - Stuart Feldman AU - Carl T. Bergstrom AU - Carlos Castillo-Chavez AU - James P. Collins AU - Adam Doupé AU - Rob J. de Boer AU - Jennifer Rexford AU - Roya Ensafi AU - Melanie Moses AU - Carlo Maley AU - Silvie Huijben AU - J. Alex Halderman AU - Bryan T. Grenfell AU - Alan S. Perelson AU - Charles Perrings AU - Joshua Plotkin AU - Mohit Tiwari AB - we present a conceptual framework for structured comparisons across the fields of biological immunity and cybersecurity, by framing the context of defense, considering different (combinations of) defensive strategies, and evaluating defensive performance. Throughout this paper, we pose open questions for further exploration. We hope to spark the interdisciplinary discovery of general principles of optimal defense, which can be understood and applied in biological immunity, cybersecurity, and other defensive realms. BT - Elsevier BV DA - 2023-08 DO - 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109024 N1 - Across evolved biological immunity and engineered cybersecurity, we find meaningful parallels in how the defensive contexts are framed, strategies chosen, and performance evaluated. Especially as technological advances allow these two defensive systems to resemble one another more closely, we believe that carefully drawn analogies between these systems can reveal general principles of defensive design to protect against unpredictable attacks. Lists of proposed principles already exist in some fields , but their generality across systems has not been examined in depth, either theoretically or practically. We hope the open questions articulated above will spark collaborative study, whether by sharing data and analytical techniques or constructing theoretical models. Finally, as general defensive design principles emerge, we hope to see them vetted and successfully deployed in other realms, such as national defense against domestic and international terrorism, and public health defense against zooneses and epidemics. N2 - we present a conceptual framework for structured comparisons across the fields of biological immunity and cybersecurity, by framing the context of defense, considering different (combinations of) defensive strategies, and evaluating defensive performance. Throughout this paper, we pose open questions for further exploration. We hope to spark the interdisciplinary discovery of general principles of optimal defense, which can be understood and applied in biological immunity, cybersecurity, and other defensive realms. PY - 2023 T2 - Elsevier BV TI - Challenges in cybersecurity: Lessons from biological defense systems UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025556423000652 SN - 0025-5564 ER -