TY - STAND AB - Emerging scientific frontiers in genome editing and brain - computer interfaces (BCIs) promise unparalleled advancements in human health and cognitive capacities. Genome editing, with its potential to modify genetic sequences, might one day enhance traits including cognitive function. Concurrently, BCIs, enabling direct brain-device interplay, present prospects in cognitive enhancement such as amplified memory or learning rates. Yet, as the horizons of these technologies expand, so too do the ethical quagmires, chiefly, the dual-use dilemma in cognitive warfare. There is potential for these technologies to uplift society, offering enhanced cognitive abilities and a new echelon of human capability. BT - NATO N1 - Conversely, their weaponization in cognitive warfare could be two-fold: creation of genetically superior individuals or the intentional cognitive degradation of adversaries. Such malevolent uses might range from deploying genome-edited viruses targeting specific cognitive traits to using BCIs for information theft or remote control. While the paper delves deep into these dimensions, it underscores that societal and technological safeguards could be instrumental in curbing misuse in cognitive warfare. As these technologies burgeon, it becomes imperative to balance their promise with robust ethical considerations, ensuring their deployment for societal benefit rather than detriment. N2 - Emerging scientific frontiers in genome editing and brain - computer interfaces (BCIs) promise unparalleled advancements in human health and cognitive capacities. Genome editing, with its potential to modify genetic sequences, might one day enhance traits including cognitive function. Concurrently, BCIs, enabling direct brain-device interplay, present prospects in cognitive enhancement such as amplified memory or learning rates. Yet, as the horizons of these technologies expand, so too do the ethical quagmires, chiefly, the dual-use dilemma in cognitive warfare. There is potential for these technologies to uplift society, offering enhanced cognitive abilities and a new echelon of human capability. PY - 2023 T2 - NATO TI - Human Enhancement Technologies and the Possible Dual Use in Cognitive Warfare UR - https://www.sto.nato.int/publications/STO%20Meeting%20Proceedings/STO-MP-HFM-361/MP-HFM-361-P18.pdf ER -