01442nas a2200109   4500000000100000008004100001260000900042100001900051245004200070856006600112520115400178       2023                            d  c20231 aPavel Sharikov00aContemporary Cybersecurity Challenges  uhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-24673-9_93 aNew technologies transform the nature of armed conflict. Most emerging technologies are aimed not to destroy the enemies’ armed forces, but to achieve political goals by inflicting minimum physical damage and the use of most of these technologies doesn’t constitute an armed conflict. New technologies include cyber, AI, drones, lethal autonomous weapons—those which don’t have an internationally agreed definition, and cannot be subject to arms control limitations due to their wide civilian commercial application. Nonetheless their development and possible use may have significant impact on national and international security. This poses a serious challenge to arms control, it is unclear how to deal with their production, rules of engagement, verification, export control, non-proliferation. The chapter summarizes the existing expert opinions and government positions on how to work out international rules of engagement on such technologies. The general purpose of the paper is to find the common arguments, acceptable for the key actors, including Russia, Europe, and US on the issues, in order to negotiate the possible agreement.