01362nas a2200181   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042100002000054700001700074700001600091700002200107700002000129700002000149245014500169856007200314520078000386022001401166       2023                            d  c2023-021 aMohammad Ghiasi1 aTaher Niknam1 aZhanle Wang1 aMehran Mehrandezh1 aMoslem Dehghani1 aNoradin Ghadimi00aA comprehensive review of cyber-attacks and defense mechanisms for improving security in smart grid energy systems: Past, present and future  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S03787796220102403 aThis paper aims to systematically summarize different methods and techniques and to review corresponding solution approaches in cyber-security in energy systems. In the first step, we discuss the interactive features of cyber-security; then, their modeling and mechanisms are reviewed and summarized in detail. Furthermore, the characteristics and applicability of different cyber-attack models are technically discussed and analyzed. The cutting-edge cyber security approaches such as blockchain and quantum computing in SGs and power systems are stated, and recent research directions are highlighted. The decisive problem-solving approaches and defense mechanisms are presented. Finally, some points regarding the role of cyber-security in the future of SGs are presented.  a0378-7796