00768nas a2200109   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042100001800057245003900075856011800114520042600232       2019                            d  c2019-05-151 aMarco Roscini00aProportionality in cyber targeting  uhttps://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315111759-8/proportionality-cyber-targeting-marco-roscini3 aThe proportionality calculation in a cyber operation that shuts down a dual-use power station, will have to factor in both the loss of the civilian function performed by the installation, with consequent negative repercussions on its civilian users, and the fact that the malware might infect other computer systems. Cyber operations present both opportunities and dangers for the principle of proportionality in attack.