00888nas a2200121   4500000000100000008004100001260000900042100001800051245002400069856006600093520059300159022001400752       2018                            d  c20181 aSeumas Miller00aConcept of Dual Use  uhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-92606-3_23 aThere are a number of different preliminary definitions of dual use familiar in the literature. Research or technology is dual use if it can be used for both: (1) Military and civilian (i.e. non-military) purposes; (2) Beneficial and harmful purposes—where the harmful purposes are to be realised by means of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs); (3) Beneficial and harmful purposes—where either the harmful purposes involve the use of weapons as means, and usually WMDs in particular, or the harm aimed at is on a large-scale but does not necessarily involve weapons or weaponisation.   a2211-8101