01275nas a2200145   4500000000100000008004100001260001500042100001800057700001500075700002100090245010400111856006500215520083500280022001401115       2022                            d  c2022-03-081 aStefka Schmid1 aThea Riebe1 aChristian Reuter00aDual-Use and Trustworthy? A Mixed Methods Analysis of AI Diffusion Between Civilian and Defense R&D  uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11948-022-00364-73 aArtificial Intelligence (AI) seems to be impacting all industry sectors, while becoming a motor for innovation. The diffusion of AI from the civilian sector to the defense sector, and AI’s dual-use potential has drawn attention from security and ethics scholars. With the publication of the ethical guideline Trustworthy AI by the European Union (EU), normative questions on the application of AI have been further evaluated. In order to draw conclusions on Trustworthy AI as a point of reference for responsible research and development (R&D), we approach the diffusion of AI across both civilian and military spheres in the EU. We capture the extent of technological diffusion and derive European and German patent citation networks. Both networks indicate a low degree of diffusion of AI between civilian and defense sectors.  a1353-3452