@article{85,
  author = {Frank Smith and Graham Ingram},
  title = {Organising cyber security in Australia and beyond},
  abstract = {This article explains the origins and institutionalisation of cyber security in Australia—particularly ‘civilian cyber security’. The authors trace the origin of Australia’s first computer emergency response team and explain how this organisational form spread from the USA. Through it, Australia helped enable international cooperation. Domestically, however, the authors argue that the Australian government has struggled with the delegation, orchestration and abdication of responsibility for civilian cyber security, underinvesting in civilian organisations while overrelying on military and intelligence agencies. The history of this organisational field provides valuable insight into how to improve national policy and operations for cyber security.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Informa UK Limited},
  month = {2017-05-16},
  issn = {1035-7718},
  url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10357718.2017.1320972?casa_token=HDq3L3YScMUAAAAA%3ANyjGeHEETKDETyHTfk3blRBwS9hrn86ig8kjfh-lMSaaFjbUSWPqu9G8MH0FIOIP82_j_IOt5F3ygA},
  doi = {10.1080/10357718.2017.1320972},
  note = {Nor is the effectiveness of military and intelligence agencies for civilian cyber securityself-evident, especially given the importance of information-sharing and trust. Concen-trating resources in these agencies could undermine more advantageous norms as well.For instance, building on the CERT system, an international norm may be emergingthat ‘states should not conduct or knowingly support activity to harm the informationsystems of the authorized emergency response teams’, and ‘states should not use author-ized emergency response teams to engage in malicious international activity’ (UN 2015).},
}