@misc{248,
  title = {Cyber Security in Smart Manufacturing (Threats, Landscapes Challenges)},
  abstract = {Industry 4.0 is a blend of the hyper-connected digital industry within two world of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT). With this amalgamate opportunity, smart manufacturing involves production assets with the manufacturing equipment having its own intelligence, while the system-wide intelligence is provided by the cyber layer. However Smart manufacturing now becomes one of the prime targets of cyber threats due to vulnerabilities in the existing process of operation. Since smart manufacturing covers a vast area of production industries from cyber physical system to additive manufacturing, to autonomous vehicles, to cloud based IIoT (Industrial IoT), to robotic production, cyber threat stands out with this regard questioning about how to connect manufacturing resources by network, how to integrate a whole process chain for a factory production etc. Cybersecurity confidentiality, integrity and availability expose their essential existence for the proper operational thread model known as digital thread ensuring secure manufacturing. In this work, a literature survey is presented from the existing threat models, attack vectors and future challenges over the digital thread of smart manufacturing.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Cornel University},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.10180},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2304.10180},
  note = {As manufacturers demand the greater connectivity and
interaction of the fourth industrial revolution, manufacturingsystem suppliers, machines and systems in their factories will have to expand the role of IT in their products. With the expansion the obvious question arises whether the system, in this concern, process is secure or not. From the literature review, it is considerable that the cyber attachment of the smart factories will be vulnerable to security breach and intrusion. Any small disruption or compromise in the system operation will result into mass production failure and safety critical situations. To overcome the challenges in the existing new era of smart industry, security assessment will play a vital role for regular continuation of manufacturing chain cyber domain. Awareness among the active entities will also be required to understand the vulnerabilities. Since digital thread comprises of multiple domains, each of them can be vulnerable and suitable assessment methodology should be there on the level of the operational technology. As for our future work, a brief focus on the Information Technology domain including IoT, cloud manufacturing and distributed industrial operation will be assessed},
}