@misc{168,
  title = {JRC horizon scanning on dual-use civil
and military research},
  abstract = {This report presents the results of a horizon scanning exercise, carried out by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), aiming to identify ‘emerging’ issues displaying potential for dual-use research and further applications, namely the use of civilian research outcomes for defence purposes and vice versa.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {JRC},
  url = {https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC120638/jrc120638_hs_dual-use_research.pdf},
  doi = {10.2760/47988},
  note = {The exercise allowed 14 issues to be identified, 7 of which have been further commented on: 6 were perceived as having a very high level of relevance for dual-use applications in the short to medium term (between now and circa 10 years), and 1 was assessed as emerging in the longer term. Four issues out of these seven fall entirely or partially within the realm of biology: ‘Multifunctional materials’, ‘CRISPR and genetic manipulations’, ‘Enhancing humans’ and ‘Synthetic biology’. All together, these thematic issues, which are actually interrelated, show that the manipulation of the living, including that of human bodies, with all its aspects – positive and negative, bright and dark, defensive and offensive – is expected to increase in time and impact. Other issues identified belong, broadly speaking, to space, artificial intelligence and data poisoning.},
}