@misc{157,
  author = {Neil C. Rowe},
  title = {Challenges of Civilian Distinction in Cyberwarfare},
  abstract = {We discuss ways in which an ostensibly military cyberattack could accidentally hit a civilian target. Civilian targets are easier to attack than military targets, and an adversary may be tempted to be careless in targeting. Dual-use targets are common in cyberspace since militaries frequently exploit civilian cyber infrastructure such as networks and common software, and hitting that infrastructure necessarily hurts civilians. },
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Springer International Publishing},
  month = {2016-12-02},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-45300-2_3},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-45300-2_3},
  note = {We conclude with proposed principles for ethical conduct of cyberwarfare to minimize unnecessary harm to civilians, and suggest designating cyberspace “safe havens”, enforcing reparations, and emphasizing cyber coercion rather than cyberwarfare.},
}