@article{12,
  author = {Zbigniew Ciekanowski and Marek Gruchelski and Julia Nowicka and Slawomir Żurawski and Yury Pauliuchuk},
  title = {Cyberspace as a source of new threats to the security of the European Union},
  abstract = {The primary research question is formulated as follows:
Does the European Union play a significant role in shaping cybersecurity? Correspondingly, the hypothesis adopted to address the research question is as follows: The EU takes actions to enhance resilience against cyberattacks. In the initial section of the article, fundamental concepts of cyber security and cyberspace are defined. Subsequently, EU tools, Union legal regulations, as well as the obligations of key entities pertaining to cyber threats are presented. The main part of the article provides a detailed characterization of new and majorthreats to EU member states},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {ISMA SYC INT},
  month = {2023-09-01},
  issn = {1108-2976},
  url = {https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/114974},
  doi = {10.35808/ersj/3249},
  note = {The European Union plays a significant role in shaping European cybersecurity, primarily through legislation and its subordinate institutions, which are intended to prevent
and rapidly and effectively respond to emerging and new cyber threats.},
}